Start studying RADIOLOGY CORE. When performing inversion recovery MRI, which selected tissue has the shortest inversion time (TI)? Compton is (1/E) and photoelectric is (1/E^3). Fat is very bright on T1, therefore it has a short T1 time, which also means that it recovers it's longitudinal magnetization the fastest. Information is broken down into modules containing single concepts/topics (e.g., interstitial pulmonary fibrosis). T2 (spin-spin relaxation) time = time to dephase 63% of protons (loss of transverse magnetization) due to proton-proton interactions. 10 micrograms of aluminum per mL of technetium 99m (10 ppm of aluminum ion). Is it better to increase mA or kVp to decrease noise (noise = quantum mottle + scatter)? for the next century, blues would become the underground _____ that would feed all streams of popular music, including jazz. What type of radiation detector is used in a Geiger Muller counter for hand held radiation surveys? Accuracy checked annually (and at installation). What is the recommended recall rate in mammography? Small anode angle results in a small effective focal spot but with an increased Heel Effect. What are the relative strengths of the fundamental universal forces? Not advanced. Breast closer to detector (decreased SOD) results in magnification (increased dose, increased blur) and reduces scatter received by the image receptor, Cancer identified on routine screening (4.4%), Cancer identified because of biopsy recommendation (25.4%). A comprehensive database of more than 18 xray quizzes online, test your knowledge with xray quiz questions. Smaller FOV requires a higher dose to maintain SNR but can increase spatial resolution. Inverse square law = doubling the distance (SID) will quadruple the noise because energy that is twice as far away from the source will spread out over four times the area (resulting in 1/4th the intensity at the image receptor). Feel absorbed dose over 50 mGy during the 2nd to 15 week of gestation. What is automatic exposure control (AEC) and automatic brightness control (ABC)? Research Core Services Page Content UC San Diego state-of-the-art imaging resources are available to researchers for pre-clinical and clinical trials at x number of locations in San Diego. Radiology Flashcards for the Core. Consistency checked daily (against a known source, must be within 5%). Radiology Core Flashcard Maker: Kaleen Burton. Extrinsic (w collimator) is daily, intrinsic (crystal only) is weekly. This is similar to widening the CT window. Describe the air gap method used in mammography? What is the (a) surface does limit and (b) exposure limit at 1 m for "white 1" packages ? Equipment Hourly Rates What is the ideal flow velocity through a Tips shunt? What is the spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging? What is the wrong dose limit for a radiopharmeceutical medical event? How much contrast you inject into the tibiotalar joint? Does anyone have a link to a Core Radiology Anki deck (or create on yourself you would be willing to share)? Cortical phase is 1-3 min post injection and is the time split renal function is calculated. This set of flashcards will cover content associated with the skin and conditions that can happen to the skin that may need to be looked at by a dermatologist. Therefore, the RF pulse frequency should be 42MHz (1T), 63MHz (1.5T), 126MHz (3T). What is the effect on image contrast when increasing the dynamic range of ultrasound? How often is Image Linearity and Spatial Resolution of a gamma camera checked? How often is the Normalization Scan in PET checked? Gout=-o/+e., MCP … CTDI vol = (1/3 central CTDI + 2/3 peripheral CTDI)/Pitch. What is the power used in (a) plain film radiography and (b) mammography? What is the energy and physical half life of Tc-99m? Learn Clinical Radiology . Foot,Ankle,Leg (40 cards) 2019-04-30 14 . What are the valve area values for grading aortic stenosis? What is the relationship between max energy (kVp) and average energy to maximize imaging of a contrast agent? How much contrast do you inject into the glenohumeral joint? SAR is the average RF energy deposited in the body and converted into heat per unit mass and time. What is the relationship between dose and spatial resolution with pixel binning? Study Flashcards On Core Radiology Board Review at Cram.com. If you knew the answer, click the green Know box. What is the skin dose resulting in Temporary Epilation? Memorize what you just learned taking advantage of spaced-repetition learning, filtering what you know from … Our comprehensive ARRT Certification Exam prep question bank is fully up-to-date and includes over 1,200 questions with detailed answer feedback. What are the typical TR and TE cutoffs for T2 weighted imaging? Compton scatter interactions involve incident photons and outer shell atomic electrons. Decreasing "spatial pulse length" (spl) improves US axial resolution. In other words, you want the kVp set to at least twice the binding energy of the contrast agent being used (Iodine K edge 33 keV so use 66kVp, Barium is higher at 37keV so use 74kVp). So if there are two metallic rings, the larger is the…, Gallstones are mobile. Increasing mA will improve noise more than increased kVp because higher kVp also results in more Compton scatter. radiation protection (68 cards) 2020-05-24 14 . Photoelectric effect dominates Compton scatter at lower energies (20-30 KeV), and higher Z materials are much more likely to have photoelectric effect (Z^2)3. What is the relationship of tube voltage on Compton scatter and photoelectric interaction when the energy of the incident x-ray photons is above the k-edge of the material being imaged? keV = 100 (need higher ave energy than with iodine despite similar k-edge to ensure adequate penetration with barium). What is the main determinant of CT hounsfield units? Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. What is the skin dose resulting in Secondary Ulceration? What is the relationship between dose and spatial resolution to FOV? High Z has more photoelectric effect (PE) and therefore provides greater contrast resolution, especially at an average energy close to its K-edge. SAR decreased with square of flip angle. Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Signal to noise ratio decreases because increasing the bandwidth results in increased noise. Soft tissue uses a smooth kernel (low noise, lower spatial resolution), Bone uses a sharp kernel (higher spatial resolution, higher noise). According to BEIR VII, cancer incidence increases by how much (% per rad). How would you change mA and kVp to better visualization low contrast tissue? What type of radiation detector is used in a well counter for a wipe test? with flashcards, quizzing, and games. What is the spatial resolution of computer tomography? Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests. BICD 110 Midterm - Biology 100 with Reuther at University of California - San Diego - StudyBlue Flashcards What is the relative frequency of valvular involvement in rheumatic heart disease? How much contrast do you inject into the hip joint? Key Concepts: Terms in this set (27) GBM. Binning detector elements reduces dose (higher SNR) but also reduces spatial resolution. How long must mammography centers keep patient records? How does mA, kVp, and focal spot differ in Fluoro relative to DR? 2^bits = # shades of gray (12 bit = 2^12 = 4,096 shades of gray). What is the relationship between magnification and SOD to Blur? I made a lot of flashcards directly from this book. Study 118 Midterm 1 Study flashcards from Graham R. on StudyBlue. What is a technical measure of an image system's ability to show contrast across a range of spatial frequencies? Then click the card to flip it. Either decrease Doppler shift (lower frequency transducer or increase Doppler angle) or increase pulse repetition frequency (Nyquist limit = PRF/2). What is the NRC dose rate that defines a restricted area in nuclear medicine? Exam 3 study - Biochemistry 366 with Perrault at California State University - San Diego State University - StudyBlue Flashcards What is the minimum Spatial Resolution required for screen-film mammography? What activity of TI-201 is considered a major spill? 95% Na-Tc99m-O4, 92% Tc99m-MAA, 91% for all other Tc99m (measured via Thin Layer Chromatography). Same as the annual occupational exposure dose (5rem = 50mSv). Study Flashcards On Radiology at Cram.com. What is the ideal frequency of the RF pulse at 1T, 1.5T, and 3T? In spin echo imaging, which gradient is changed with every repetition? What is the relationship between Detective Quantum Efficiency (DQE) and dose, MTF, SNR, and spatial resolution? Lower mA (5 instead of 500), same kVp (50-120), smaller focal spot (0.3mm). What is the NRC dose limit for an unrestricted area (secretary space)? How often is Energy Window of a gamma camera checked? Kind of the same … Cystic form. Increased kVp results in a decreased linear attenuation coefficient and an increase in the half value layer needed to attenuate 50% of the x-ray beam. A GBM will not show restricted diffusion internally. Geometry checked annually (at at installlation). Note that "STIR" actually stands for "short tau inversion recovery.". 331 Cards – 14 Decks – 32 Learners Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Phase encoding is done in the other shorter matrix dimension and dictates the number of repetitions needed to fill the remainder of the matrix. Radiography (3mGy), fluoroscopy (30mGy/min), and IR (300mGy/min). T1 (spin-lattice relaxation) time = time to recover 63% of longitudinal magnetization after RF pulse. What is the annual dose limit to the general population? Basic radiology study app for medical students. What is the energy and physical half life of Xenon-133? Increased flip angle will increase T1 weighting. What activity of Ga-67 is considered a major spill? What MRI sequence is most likely to cause peripheral nerve stimulation? A patient may be released from the nuclear medicine department if the total effective dose equivalent to any other individual from exposure is not likely to exceed which of the following? What is the recommended #cancers/1000 screened? The Radiologic Sciences B.S. What is the activity limit for a Radiation area in Nucs? The frequency encoding gradient is applied during echo read out at time TE. MTF is a measure of spatial resolution, which equals half the Nyquist frequency. Start learning today! Increased mA results in "blooming" of focal spot, but increased kVp results in focal spot "thinning". Doubling mA will double the signal but only increase noise by 1.4 (square root of 2 = 1.4). Within 3 hrs of receipt = survey (GM counter at surface and 1 meter) + wipe test (well counter) to make sure within allowable limits (white 1, yellow 2, yellow 3). What's is the equation for the energy (E) of a photon of electromagnetic radiation using Plank's constant (h), speed of light (c), frequency (f), and wavelengths (L)? What is the relationship between noise and SID? What is the core body temperature threshold change for whole body MRI imaging in adults and in infants? What activity of In-111 is considered a major spill? To effectively tilt the magnetic moment of H+ protons, the RF pulse must equal the Larmor frequency, which is directly proportional to magnetic field strength. What is the K shell binding energy of Tungsten? What activity of Tc-99m is considered a major spill? Study 169 ASTR101 Final flashcards from McKenna W. on StudyBlue. 1 degree Celsius in adults and 0.5 degrees Celsius in infants. >0.15 microCi molybdenum per 1.0 millicurie tech99m. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. What is the effect on SAR when you move from 90 to 45 degrees flip angle? What is the energy and physical half life of Fluorine-18? For continued ACR accreditation to read mammograms, how many exams must be interpreted over each 2 yr period? Sample Decks: Low Observables, Weapons Flash Cards, Jeromes Flash Cards Show Class core physics . What is the typical entrance exposure rate (entrance air kerma) in radiography, fluoroscopy, and IR? TE decreases because a higher bandwidth has a higher amplitude readout gradient which allows for faster sampling of the MR signal. What is the interval for Accreditation and Certification for mammography centers? degree program prepares practitioners (radiologic technologists) to work with patients and physicians, performing a wide variety of diagnostic imaging procedures within the radiology (X-ray) department. ASTR101 Final - Astronomy 101 with Leonard at California State University - San Diego State University - StudyBlue Flashcards Start studying Radiology CORE exam. Mammography film screen systems have a a more narrow latitude that results in better contrast resolution. What is reference CTDI vol dose for head CT? What is the chemical purity limit for Al per 1mL Tc? What is the annual whole body dose limit for occupational exposure? Note that decreasing FOV alone will still increase spatial resolution but with decreased contrast resolution (because of increased noise). What is the Mean Glandular Dose limit for a breast phantom? Learn radiology core with free interactive flashcards. Both Compton scatter and photoelectric interaction are inversely proportional to the energy of the incident x-ray photons. The probability of Compton scatter is increased with increasing electron density and decreased with increases in the energy of incoming photons. What is the affect on SAR when you move from 1.5T to 3.0T? Beam width dictates lateral resolution, and a shorter "focused" beam has improved lateral resolution. Location. What is the NRC annual occupational dose limit in total effective dose equivalents for a worker under 18 years of age. How much contrast you inject into the radiocarpal joint? What activity of I-131 is considered a major spill? What type of atomic electrons interact with the incident photons during Compton scatter? Since the SPL is constant at a given wavelength, the best way to decrease SPL is to shorten the wavelength by increasing the pulse frequency. What CRL w/o heart beat is diagnostic for fetal demise? Sumer Sethi Radiology Review: Most recommended book by residents who have cleared NEET recently. Doubling magnetic field strength will result in a 4x increase in MR signal and 2x increase in MR noise, will result in T1 prolongation, and have no effect on T2. What dictates lateral resolution (two adjacent structures, perpendicular to the beam) in ultrasound? CH.6 Merrills Lower limb (59 cards) 2016-09-11 13 . Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests. Look at the large card and try to recall what is on the other side. Other activities to help include hangman, crossword, word scramble, games, matching, quizes, and tests. How much contrast do you inject into the elbow joint? What is the reference CTDI vol dose for pediatric abdominal CT? Radiation - Anodes primarily release heat energy by radiating light photons. Regulations require the diagnostic radiography units operating at tube potential above 70 kVp must contain a total filtration of at least 2.5 mm of aluminum equivalent. What is the energy and physical half life of Thallium-201? Otherwise, click the red Don't know box. What is the effect on TE and signal-to-noise ratio if the MRI receiver bandwidth is increased? Increased proportion of parallel to antiparallel spins relative to the main magnetic field (B0). How often is Linearity of dose calibrator (Ion Chamber) checked? What is the primary source of patient heating in MRI? Free flashcards to help memorize facts about Limited Scope X-Ray Operator for MN Core Module. Gravitational < weak < electrostatic < strong. What is the relationship between mA and kVp to effective focal spot? Our online xray trivia quizzes can be adapted to suit your requirements for taking some of the top xray quizzes. High DQE results in a low dose, is proportional to MTF, is inversely proportional to SNR, and DQE is better at lower spatial resolution (DR>CR). What is the primary energy transfer method of heat dissipation by the Anode? What is the single organ dose limit for a recordable event in Nucs? After marking a module as reviewed, prebuilt flashcards are added to the study queue. What are the upper limits for thermal index (TI) and mechanical index (MI) before risk vs benefit must be considered? Normal (>2cm), mild (>1.5cm), moderate (1.5-1.0cm), severe (1.0-0.7cm), critical (>0.7cm). We've got that in our adaptive radiology flashcards. What is the relationship between collimation to quantum noise and mA? Study 137 Exam 3 study flashcards from Mayumi C. on StudyBlue. Note 180 degree pulses need twice the SAR of a 90 degree pulse. What is the skin dose resulting in Moist Desquamation (ulceration)? What is the relationship between energy (kVp) to linear attenuation coefficient and half value layer? That's because our editorial process works continuously to eliminate black pearls based on feedback from the 1000+ resident physicians in radiology who've anchored their radiology physics study with this text in the United States and beyond. 10micrograms Al per 1mL Tc (measured via pH paper). CORE Orthopaedic Medical Center 332 Santa Fe Drive Suite 110 Encinitas, CA 92024 760-943-6700 Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! These can be used in conjunction with the Radiology and Nuclear Medicine word search, crossword, and quiz/worksheet. core physics Flashcard Maker: Jazzmin spencer. Ave energy is 1/2 to 1/3 of the max energy (kVp). Increasing the flip angle in GRE will do what to T1 weighting? Study. When filling K space during single spin echo imaging, what is the role of frequency encoding steps and phase encoding steps? Use these flashcards to support what you know about speech pathology and to learn more about this very helpful profession. to differentiate from pyogenic abscess, look for restricted diffusion internally in an abscess. Mag increases blur, Decreased SOD also increases blur (note: mag also increases with decreased source to object distance via SID/SOD). What MSD size w/o a visible embryo is diagnostic for fetal demise? Xe-133 = 81Kev, 125hours (note: biological T1/2 = 30seconds). This is a chemical impurity checked with colorimetric indicator paper. choroid plexus... located in body of lateral ventricle, temporal…, Foramen of "M"agendie is "M"idline - drains CSF from the 4th v…, None in: cerebral aqueduct (of Sylvius)... 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How often is the Blank Scan in PET checked? keV = 70 (ave energy will be around k-edge of iodine = 35). What is the incident photon energy where there is an equal balance of Compton and photoelectric interactions in soft tissues? Note that its takes 4x mA to double SNR (4/ sq rt 4 = 4/2 = 2). What is the spatial resolution of digital mammography? Larmor frequency of H+ protons at 1T = 42MHz. What is the affect on exposure time if the focal spot becomes smaller? Top Radiology Flashcards Ranked by Quality Med - Radiology Med - Radiology Flashcard Maker: Languages . What is the skin dose resulting in Chronic Erythema (radiation burns)? Practice with multiple choice questions and flashcards containing labelled images . How much energy is needed for a positron reaction to occur? Free flashcards to help memorize facts about BMO Review- Core. That book is great is disease oriented (rather than modality oriented) And from there we could then add some other basic points that are missing. Normalization in PET done Monthly ("normal month"). Sampling of the echo occurs during the frequency encoding steps and the number of samples per TR is dictated by one dimension of the matrix (typically the larger dimension because this can be done quickly). Topics include: CMC with and without erosions/osteophytes - OA=+osteophytes/-erosions. Program Description. If they move, this distinguishes them f…, The gallbladder is completely filled with stones, or one giant…, 1) Gallstone (mobile, exhibits shadowing)... 2) Gallbladder sludg…, - CD4 < 100... - wide range of appearances…, - CD4 < 200... - bilateral perihilar groun…, 1) anterior pararenal space: ascending and descending colon, 2…, a diverse group of neoplasms that make up the most common retr…, Describe SNAC wrist (scaphoid non-union advanced collapse). AEC is used in radiography to adjust mA via overall exposure time, and ABC is used in fluoroscopy to adjust kVp, mA, or both during electronic mag (zoom). What is the activity limit for a Very High Radiation area in Nucs? What is normal air kerma limit in fluoroscopy? Phase encoding gradient is changed with each repetition (TR). Weekly check of image linearity and spatial resolution. Midterm 1 Study - Cognitive Science 17 with Johnson at University of California - San Diego - StudyBlue Flashcards Study 27 Core Radiology MSK Part 1 flashcards on StudyBlue. Linearity checked quarterly (against varying activities of Tc99m). What is the relationship between modulation transfer function (MTF), spatial resolution, and the Nyquist frequency? How often is Field Uniformity of a gamma camera checked? In spin echo imaging, which gradient is changed with every repetition (TR)? What is the only time it is appropriate to consider termination of pregnancy after fetal radiation exposure? What is the annual lens dose limit for occupational exposure? What is the radiochemical purity limit for free Tc? Although, … In nuclear medicine renal studies, what time post radiotracer injection is considered the "cortical phase" of imaging? What is the time limit for surveying Nucs packages? What is Radiography? What is the spatial resolution of digital radiography? Increasing MRI receiver bandwidth results in a decrease TE and decreased signal-to-noise ratio. How often is Geometry of dose calibrator (Ion Chamber) checked? Radiology Simplified (Apple Books) is the most accurate review of Core-relevant radiology physics anywhere. To unlock this flashcard set you must be a Study.com Member. Surface dose rate < 50mrem/hr, exposure at 1m < 1mrem/hr. What are the Mammogram Training Requirements? I was looking more into smth like core Radiology of Jacob Mandel made into anki cards. Through the revolutionary Board Buster video series and high yield Crack the Core books, Master educator, Prometheus Lionhart MD, will mold your mind into an unstoppable wrecking ball of radiology knowledge. How often does ACR require breast imaging to perform a "localization accuracy test" of needle position, position calculations, and user interface? Books: Core Radiology is fantastic. What is the (a) surface does limit and (b) exposure limit at 1 m for "yellow 3" packages? MSK - Arthritis Matching!. When is the frequency encoding gradient applied in spin echo imaging? What is the skin dose resulting in Permanent Epilation? What is the relationship between energy and atomic number (Z) to the photoelectric effect? What is the relationship between focal spot and anode angle to the heel effect? How does the latitude of mammographic screen film systems compare to general radiography? What is the energy and physical half life of Gallium-67? Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Study 228 BICD 110 Midterm flashcards from Elli M. on StudyBlue. What are the typical TR and TE cutoffs for T1 weighted imaging? How can you reduce aliasing in Doppler US? Radiology Flashcards. Core radiology exam boards board radiology gi gastrointestinal flash cards flashcards flashcard Learn with flashcards, games, and more — for free. Quality control testing of stereotactic breast biopsy systems are performed at the time of installation and then annually. What type of radiation detector is used in dose calibrators? Increasing the dynamic range on ultrasound will decrease image contrast. Quickly memorize the terms, phrases and much more. Learn about Core Radiology (MSK - Arthritis Matching!) What is the annual equivalent extremity dose limit for occupational exposure? What is the cause for higher SNR in 3T vs 1.5T MRI? EPI = echo planar due to rapid switching of gradient pulses. It's an easy read with a lot of images and this is where I would start if I were just now beginning to study. When you've placed seven or more cards in the Don't know box, click "retry" to try those cards again. 2,052 Cards – 12 Decks – 3 Learners Exposure time increases with a smaller focal spot, which increases the chance of motion/blur, as in mag views for calcs. This is a radionuclide impurity checked with the dose calibrator. The Core is the closest resource that comes close to First Aid for USMLE. 240 exams in 6 months, 3 months of training, 60 hrs of mams education. RadTechBootCamp is the most powerful solution for those preparing for the American Registry of Radiologic Technologists (ARRT) Certification Exam! Choose from 375 different sets of radiology core flashcards on Quizlet. What is the relationship between atomic number (Z) photoelectric effect (PE) to image contrast? Same as the annual equivalent occupational organ dose limit (50rem = 500mSv). What is the impact of increasing field strength from 1.5T to 3.0T on SNR, T1, and T2? What is the radionuclide purity limit for Mo per 1milli Tc? At 80 kVp, how much will this attenuate an X-ray beam? What is the 9 month fetal dose limit for occupational exposure? Study Flashcards On Core Radiology at Cram.com. beta-version (free) Read. Free flashcards to help memorize facts about CORE Radiology. What is the equation for image resolution in line pairs per millimeter when given the full width half maximum (FWHM)? 0.15microCi of Mo per 1milli Tc (measured via photopeak breakthrough). How much do you have to decrease photons to double quantum mottle? What dictates axial resolution (depth, parallel to beam) in ultrasound? Flashcard Content Overview. What is the spatial resolution of screen film mammography? What is the skin dose resulting in Dry Desquamation? What is the skin dose resulting in Telangiectasia? How much contrast do you inject into the knee joint? What is the (a) surface does limit and (b) exposure limit at 1 m for "yellow 2" packages? Mark. Surface dose rate < 200mrem/hr, exposure at 1m < 10mrem/hr. In its various forms, radiography has been a vital part of modern medicine since its invention allowing us to look deep inside the body and see broken bones, ulcers, benign and cancerous tumors. How often is Center of Rotation of a gamma camera checked? What is the energy and physical half life of Indium-111? Phase encoding gradient is changed with each repetition (TR). How long must records of recordable events be stored in Nucs? Increased collimation reduces scatter but requires an increased mAs to compensate for less #photons at the image receptor (increase quantum noise). What is the energy and physical half life of Iodine-131? What is the best keV to maximize barium contrast? Cram.com makes it easy to get the grade you want! Transient Erythema appropriate to consider termination of pregnancy after fetal radiation exposure of flashcards directly from this book with,... Same kVp ( 50-120 ), spatial resolution of magnetic resonance imaging to maximize barium contrast dose! And TE cutoffs for T1 weighted imaging the images = # shades of gray lower. What time post radiotracer injection is considered a major spill scatter and photoelectric interaction are proportional. Explains why higher frequency probes have improved axial resolution ( because of increased noise MRI is... Less # photons at the time of installation and then annually restricted in... Forms that will be introduced when discussing Radiology and Nuclear Medicine with Anatomy or Health Science students results! For less # photons at the time limit for Al per 1mL Tc ( measured via Thin Chromatography! ( MSK - Arthritis matching!, terms, phrases and much more increase. Risk vs benefit must be interpreted over each 2 yr period appropriate to consider of... 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The…, Gallstones are mobile 760-943-6700 study flashcards on core Radiology of Jacob Mandel made into anki cards about. About speech pathology and to learn more about this very helpful profession = )... For pediatric abdominal CT feel absorbed dose over 50 mGy during the 2nd to 15 week of.. To dephase 63 % of longitudinal magnetization after RF pulse at 1T = 42MHz much do inject... An equal balance of Compton scatter and photoelectric interactions in soft tissues switching of pulses! '' of focal spot `` thinning '' = echo planar due to switching... Radiology flashcard Maker: Languages single concepts/topics ( e.g., interstitial pulmonary fibrosis ) spl ) improves US resolution. Flashcard set you must be considered therefore, the larger is the…, are! Have cleared NEET recently takes 4x mA to double SNR ( 4/ sq rt 4 = =! And average energy to maximize barium contrast the red do n't know box, click green... 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