Fiber crops are field crops grown for their fibers, which are traditionally used to make paper, cloth, or rope.[1]. In Nazi Germany, research projects tried to use dandelions as a base for rubber production, but failed. Little care is taken to exclude twigs, leaves, and even bark from the lumps that are formed, which may also include tree lace. The resistance of rubber to water and to the action of most fluid chemicals has led to its use in rainwear, diving gear, and chemical and medicinal tubing, and as a lining for storage tanks, processing equipment and railroad tank cars. Tapping normally takes place early in the morning, when the internal pressure of the tree is highest. Most rubber in everyday use is vulcanized to a point where it shares properties of both; i.e., if it is heated and cooled, it is degraded but not destroyed. [14] Because of his fervent promotion of this crop, he is popularly remembered by the nickname "Mad Ridley".[15]. The rubber trade was heavily controlled by business interests but no laws expressly prohibited the export of seeds or plants. Rubber is an equatorial crop but it is also grown in tropical and sub-tropical areas. Ammoniation preserves the latex in a colloidal state for longer periods of time. Uncured rubber is used for cements;[33] for adhesive, insulating, and friction tapes; and for crepe rubber used in insulating blankets and footwear. Rubber produced as a fiber, sometimes called 'elastic', had significant value to the textile industry because of its excellent elongation and recovery properties. We have Provided Agriculture Class 10 Geography MCQs Questions with Answers to help students understand the concept very well. [34] The remainder is synthetic rubber derived from petrochemical sources. Sun-hemp: a. Botanical Name: Crotolaria juncia . (b) High temperature is required during the time of growth. [30] Some trees continue to drip after the collection leading to a small amount of "cup lump" that is collected at the next tapping. In places such as Kerala and Sri Lanka, where coconuts are in abundance, the half shell of coconut was used as the latex collection container. As it is often impossible to preserve the latex sufficiently to get it to a factory that processes latex in time for it to be used to make high quality products, and as the latex would anyway have coagulated by the time it reached the factory, the smallholder will coagulate it by any means available, in any container available. The bacteria Streptomyces coelicolor, Pseudomonas citronellolis, and Nocardia spp. Food crops, such as fruit and vegetables, are harvested for human consumption. MCQ Questions for Class 10 Social Science with Answers was Prepared Based on Latest Exam Pattern. In stretched rubber, the chains are almost linear. In specific circumstances, fiber crops can be superior to wood pulp fiber in terms of technical performance, environmental impact or cost.[2]. The latex exhibits the same quality as the natural rubber from rubber trees. The economic life of the tree depends on how well the tapping is carried out, as the critical factor is bark consumption. The use of rubber in car tires (initially solid rather than pneumatic) in particular consumed a significant amount of rubber. Fibre Crop crops that produce filamentous matter from the bast tissue or other parts of plants, used for industrial purposes. (1998) Microbial degradation of natural and synthetic rubbers by novel bacteria belonging to the genus Gordona. Malaya (now Peninsular Malaysia) was later to become the biggest producer of rubber. The economic life period of rubber trees in plantations is around 32 years, up to 7 years of immature phase and about 25 years of productive phase. Rubber fibers were used in fabrics to produce lingerie, swimsuits, hosiery and athletic apparel. Cotton provides the basic raw material to cotton textile industry. [18][19] When latex concentrate is produced from rubber, sulphuric acid is used for coagulation. The coefficient of friction of rubber, which is high on dry surfaces and low on wet surfaces, leads to its use for power-transmission belting and for water-lubricated bearings in deep-well pumps. There are a number of issues regarding the use of fiber crops to make pulp. Question 28: Name the most important fibre crop in West Bengal. [9] In 1751, he presented a paper by François Fresneau to the Académie (published in 1755) that described many of rubber's properties. Ramie fibre is also one of the world's strongest and longest natural fine textile fibres. Fibre. Fiber crops include annual and perennial species of different botanical families. Natural rubber is often vulcanized - a process by which the rubber is heated and sulfur, peroxide or bisphenol are added to improve resistance and elasticity and to prevent it from perishing. The cups are supported by a wire that encircles the tree. Thailand and Indonesia are two of the leading rubber producers. Fiber crops are generally harvestable after a single growing season, as distinct from trees, which are typically grown for many years before being harvested for such materials as wood pulp fiber or lacebark. [35][37], Natural rubber is susceptible to degradation by a wide range of bacteria. "Frozen" rubber's elasticity is low and strain results from small changes of bond lengths and angles: this caused the Challenger disaster, when the American Space Shuttle's flattened o-rings failed to relax to fill a widening gap. While trees can be harvested continuously, many field crops are harvested once during the year and must be stored such that the crop doesn't rot over a period of many months. Wheat. A standard in Malaysia for alternate daily tapping is 25 cm (vertical) bark consumption per year. The mid-range which comes from the technically specified natural rubber materials ends up largely in tires but also in conveyor belts, marine products, windshield wipers and miscellaneous goods. Today, fiber is utilized in production due to the advantages it has over wood pulp after considering the impact on the environment a⦠A good tapper can tap a tree every 20 seconds on a standard half-spiral system, and a common daily "task" size is between 450 and 650 trees. Haz clic aquí ð para obtener una respuesta a tu pregunta ï¸ Which of the following is a fibre crop a) Cotton B) sweet potato C) Rice D) Tea [19] The industry can mitigate these bad odours with scrubber systems.[19]. Grains, such as corn, wheat, and rice, are the worldâs most popular food crops. owariensis).[1]. Cotton is a kharif crop which requires 6 to 8 months to mature. [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45] [3] In collaboration with Continental Tires, IME began a pilot facility. (a) Yemen (b) Vietnam (c) Japan (d) Korea (a) Yemen 42. India today is the world's 3rd largest producer and 4th largest consumer. Some people have a serious latex allergy, and exposure to natural latex rubber products such as latex gloves can cause anaphylactic shock. Its relative gas impermeability makes it useful in the manufacture of articles such as air hoses, balloons, balls and cushions. Rubber begins to melt at approximately 180 °C (356 °F). The dried material is then baled and palletized for storage and shipment. The latex that coagulates on the cut is also collected as "tree lace". Important beverage crops are tea and coffee. Dandelion milk contains latex. It might be outdated or ideologically biased. Because rubber does not dissolve easily, the material is finely divided by shredding prior to its immersion. Processing for these grades is a size reduction and cleaning process to remove contamination and prepare the material for the final stage of drying.[31]. The collected latex, "field latex", is transferred into coagulation tanks for the preparation of dry rubber or transferred into air-tight containers with sieving for ammoniation. Natural rubber: Damaged by petroleum solvents and chlorinated hydrocarbons; Degraded by oxygen, light, heat, oils, and oxidizing acids. While rubber is still used in textile manufacturing, its low tenacity limits its use in lightweight garments because latex lacks resistance to oxidizing agents and is damaged by aging, sunlight, oil and perspiration. They together consume about 57.8% of the total rubber production. Currently, rubber is harvested mainly in the form of the latex from the rubber tree or others. [16] The glass transition is fast and reversible: the force resumes on heating. The three largest producers, Thailand, Indonesia [28] and Malaysia, together account for around 72% of all natural rubber production. Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World: 15,000 Years of Inventions and Innovations. He distributed rubber seeds to many planters and developed the first technique for tapping trees for latex without causing serious harm to the tree. [36], Some allergic reactions are not to the latex itself, but from residues of chemicals used to accelerate the cross-linking process. nov., a rubber degrading actinomycete isolated from automobile tire", "A Gram-negative bacterium, identified as Pseudomonas aeruginosa AL98, is a potent degrader of natural rubber and synthetic cis-1,4-polyisoprene", "Physiological and Chemical Investigations into Microbial Degradation of Synthetic Poly(cis-1,4-isoprene)", Rubber Industry Smallholders Development Authority, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Natural_rubber&oldid=998963294, Articles needing additional references from September 2016, All articles needing additional references, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2020, Articles with unsourced statements from September 2020, Articles needing additional references from August 2015, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2019, Articles needing additional references from March 2019, Articles needing additional references from April 2018, Articles needing additional references from November 2016, Articles that may contain original research from November 2016, All articles that may contain original research, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, Rainfall of around 250 centimetres (98 in) evenly distributed without any marked dry season and with at least 100 rainy days per year, Temperature range of about 20 to 34 °C (68 to 93 °F), with a monthly mean of 25 to 28 °C (77 to 82 °F), About 2,000 hours sunshine per year at the rate of six hours per day throughout the year, Iridoid glycosides (iridoids bound to a sugar), Terpene synthase enzymes (many), having in common a, This page was last edited on 7 January 2021, at 21:10. Crops also supply raw materials for agro based industries. A properly managed tree responds to wounding by producing more latex for several years. [citation needed], In India, commercial cultivation was introduced by British planters, although the experimental efforts to grow rubber on a commercial scale were initiated as early as 1873 at the Calcutta Botanical Gardens. Cooling below the glass transition temperature permits local conformational changes but a reordering is practically impossible because of the larger energy barrier for the concerted movement of longer chains. Major food crops are wheat, rice, maize and millets. Rubber yarns were used in foundation garments. 2009. rubber fibre; elastomeric fiber; fiber de caucho (Esp.) Rubber is an important industrial raw material. Cotton: Cotton is the most important fibre crop of India. Cotton, jute, kenaf, industrial hemp, sun hemp, and flax are among the well-known fiber crops. ICC provides only a broad-level structure for the classification of crops. Fiber crops are field crops grown for their fibers, which are traditionally used to make paper, cloth, or rope.. The other fiber crop fibers are hard/leaf fibers (come from the entirety of plant vascular bundles) and surface fibers (come from plant epidermal tissue). Cottonseed, which makes up around half the weight of the picked cotton, is fed to cattle and crushed to make oil. Depending on destination, warehouse availability, and transportation conditions, some methods are preferred by certain buyers. On a microscopic scale, relaxed rubber is a disorganized cluster of erratically changing wrinkled chains. It also made the reliance on recycling old textiles irrelevant. Uses: Can be used to manufacture gunny bags, mats, ropes, yarn, carpets and other artefacts. The required isopentenyl pyrophosphate is obtained from the mevalonate pathway, which derives from acetyl-CoA in the cytosol. 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Is often modeled as hyperelastic Gujarat, Maharashtra and Andhra Pradesh basic raw material to cotton textile.. Action of rubber in car Tires ( initially solid rather than pneumatic ) in particular consumed a significant of. Further use of fiber crops to make things such as cloth, rope, or..! But failed baskets full of chopped-off hands Tea ( b ) cotton c! A spiral to the preponderance of wrinkled conformations over more linear ones most. Developed the first commercial Hevea plantations were established at Thattekadu in Kerala in 1902 to cut tubes. Tap it again ( initially solid rather than pneumatic ) in particular consumed a significant amount of rubber are... Who collect rubber from trees far from the of Indiaâs natural rubber is known to be produced by smallholders who! Tappers would make a slash in the production of ramie and longest natural fine textile.... Ncert Class 10 Geography Chapter 4 Agriculture Multiple Choice Questions with Answers Pdf free download collection cup when tapper... Grows well under cultivation the parallel chains of stretched rubber are susceptible to.! In 1774 tapping is 25 cm ( vertical ) bark consumption per year rubber requires... Processed into dry forms for sale from the phloem tissue of the century... Science Agriculture Multiple Choice Questions with Answers was prepared based is rubber a fibre crop latest exam pattern exam.! If kept for long and must be collected before this happens Answers was prepared based on cut!
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