Governments mandated many early expeditionsâwhether ostensibly economic, scientific, or exploratory in characterâto make territorial claims. Usually, they take the time for personal study, like learning new languages. The heat from under the Earth keeps their water liquid instead of freezing like the glaciers above them. Going back some 170 million years, Antarctica was part of a larger landmass, or supercontinent, which is referred to as Gondwana. The ice fish compensates with a slow metabolism and the fact that oxygen is more soluble in cold than warm water. Scientists are still unsure why the fish evolved this way, since it’s not an adaptation to cold environments. Terra Australis instead gave Australia’s name, while Antarctica became the expected but undiscovered continent’s name. Instead, there is and abuncande of lichen and, 20 Facts about North America Society Nature History More, 16 Africa Facts Culture Tribes History More, 10 South America Facts History Languages Nature More, Best 20 Facts about Asia History Landscape Cities More. Vostok means east in Russian. However, another detail is how much this adds and subtracts to Antarctica’s surface area. Photo: Audun Dahl. How’s that for Chilling Antarctica facts? A 7-day cruise in Antarctica may cost from 7000 USD to 15.000 USD, excluding flights. It has the area at 5.4 million square miles or 14.0 million km square. Department of Philosophy and History of Technology, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden. Often described as a continent of superlatives, Antarctica is the world’s southernmost continent. Instead, the people in the research stations on the continent use the time zones of their countries of origin. East Antarctica lies mostly in the east longitudes and is larger than West Antarctica, which lies wholly in the west longitudes. There’s no need for Antarctica to establish an official timezone, as the continent has no government nor citizens of its own. Instead, there is and abuncande of lichen and bacterial colonies. The other is Villa Las Estrellas on King George Island, founded by Chile. Biologists study Antarctica’s unique biosphere with little to no signs of human interference. In fact, Antarctica’s landscape is what’s called a polar desert. 4. Antarctica has a surface area of over 14 million km². While being good coolants, they had a dangerous side-effect in the atmosphere. There are cracks and rifts in the ice, many of them hidden by thin ice that cover a fall of hundreds of meters. The increase in UV radiation caused cancer rates to spike. Antarctica is about 5.5 million square miles (14.2 million square km) in size, and thick ice covers about 98 percent of the land. The first confirmed sighting of the continent was in 1820. The Argentinian government sent Emilio’s mother when she was 7 months pregnant to complete her pregnancy in Antarctica. Of course, it depends on where in Antarctica. With limited resources on the continent and the long trip to the nearest hospitals in Australia and New Zealand, it’s thought best to avoid the problem. (1, 2) 2. This allows scientists to recover meteorites in largely-pristine states, all major finds for the study of astronomy. 3. With help from a driver and a meteorologist, the surgery lasted for 2 hours. What’s bigger than a giant? In fact, they’re also called Colossal Squid to set them apart. Despite all that, life still found a way to survive in such a hard land. They knew about the Arctic – named Arktos – The Bear, from the constellation the great bear, and decided that in order to balance the world there should be a similar cold southern land mass that was the same but the opposite “Ant - Arktos” - opposite The Bear. One is Esperanza Base on Trinity Peninsular, which was founded by Argentina. Decades of use of CFCs broke down enough ozone to open a hole in the ozone layer. Just like tree rings, they tell how old a layer of ice is, and what happened in that time. The exploitation of these resources is not allowed under the Antarctic Treaty, but it is set to expire in 2048. It’s still too cold for anything to grow, after all, and even if it wasn’t, nothing can grow without water particles in the air. Well, they didn’t get that name for no reason. Scientists and staff who stay in the winter often experience cabin fever, having to get creative to deal with the isolation. Emperor Penguins are only the most well-known of their kind. Satellites and other remote-sensing technologies have become key tools in providing mapping data. The flat and unbroken central region of the continent allows winds to reach high speeds over vast distances. Iceberg B-15 broke off from the Ross Ice Shelf in March 2000 and drifted north into the Atlantic Ocean. 10 fun facts about Antarctica 1. There are 3 reasons for this: First is that the Arctic is only ice floating on water. This treaty, which was an unprecedented landmark in diplomacy, preserves the continent for nonmilitary scientific pursuits and placed Antarctica under an international regime that, for the treatyâs duration, holds all territorial claims in place. However, it poses a threat to research stations. Updates? As CFCs in the atmosphere dropped, the hole in the ozone layer began to heal. Scientists also say there may be lakes they haven’t discovered yet under all the ice. Buried 2 km deep under the ice, the IceCube Neutrino Observatory uses the ice as both a mirror and detector for the small and fast particles. Caroline Mikkelsen became the first woman to set foot on Antarctica in 1935. Chile and Argentina also have claims on Antarctica. Fact 1: Antarctica surrounds the South Pole and it is a place of extremes.The coldest, windiest and driest weather conditions occur there. There is little or no running water. Antarctica is one of the harshest places on Earth. From historical research, it was discovered that Antarctica emerges from early Western theories of a vast continent, known as Terra Australis, believed to exist in the far south of the globe. The air surrounding Antarctica’s Dry Valleys is so low in humidity that even with the extreme cold, snow doesn’t fall. Explorers first reached the South Pole in 1911. Antarctica is the place where all the longitude lines meet, and hence, the South Pole has no specific time zone of its own. The southernmost parts of the Atlantic, Pacific, and Indian oceans converge into a cold oceanic water mass with unique biological and physical characteristics. Over the course of summer and winter, melting and freezing ice removes and adds over 30 million km² to Antarctica. The name Antarctica is the romanized version of the Greek compound word ἀνταρκτική (antarktiké). Now there’s a fun example of Antarctica facts. This limits how cold it can get, as the water beneath will always be warmer than land in the same situation, like in Antarctica. Now that’s one for cool Antarctica facts. Despite this, there’s been no development at all of the Antarctic lands, as per international treaty forbidding such development. Reptiles can’t regulate their own temperature, and being in the Antarctic would only freeze their already cold blood. Fishing, is only allowed offshore, and fish farms are not allowed on Antarctica itself. However, since 1994, dogs haven’t been allowed any longer in Antarctica. Read also: 16 Africa Facts Culture Tribes History More. Bet you didn’t expect that from Antarctica facts? Running across West Antarctica, this rift isn’t very noticeable thanks to all the ice burying it. Ernest Shackleton’s 1907 expedition to Antarctica reached the magnetic south pole for the first time. In the wild, they hunt birds, fish, and even their own kind. However, the Grand Canyon is 1.9 km deep, while the West Antarctic Rift is only 1.5 km deep. Scientists say they live in the upper layers of the ice sheets, where they live in cycles of freezing and melting. The Norwegian-Swedish whaling ship the Antarctic made the first landing on Antarctica in 1895. Geographers mark the 60th Parallel as the Southern Ocean’s northern boundary, with its opposite being the Antarctic coast. 25+ Amazing Antarctica Facts For Kids. Antarctica is the only continent without a time zone. This leaves the valleys a barren stretch of landscape without even ice or snow. As it drifted north, Iceberg B-15 began breaking apart into smaller icebergs. It means southern land in Latin. During winter, the Earth is always at its furthest from the Sun, while in summer, it is at its closest. Roald Amundsen became the first man to reach the geographic south pole on December 14, 1911. Antarctica is the only continent with no native species of ants. As a result, Montreal Protocol banned the use of CFCs in 1987. This hypothesis draws from the way inland ice sheets stay unaffected by global warming so far. 10. there are more than 300 lakes beneath the antarctic ice sheet; 11. mount erebus, the southernmost active volcano on earth is in antarctica; 12. in 1977, argentina sent a pregnant mother to antarctica in an effort to claim a portion of the continent; 13. antarctica does not have a time zone; 14. there are no countries in antarctica For legal purposes of the Antarctic Treaty, the arbitrary boundary of latitude 60° S is used, south of which lies the Antarctic Treaty Area. While they both have a maximum length of about 10 meters, Colossal Squid can get heavier. The Vernadsky Research Station also houses the southernmost bar on Earth. 19. But once there’s water, they defrost themselves and come back to life. Instead, Antarctica is to be made available to all countries of the world for research purposes. However, he was the only doctor in the station. The ice-choked and stormy seas around Antarctica long hindered exploration by wooden-hulled ships. 21. Seals and penguins are bigger, but they spend much of their time in the water. It is also the world’s highest, driest, windiest, coldest, and iciest continent. It’s not a volcanic peak, but a mountain formed by deformation of the continental landmass from geological processes. Traveling at 40 km/h in the water, the seal caught Brown while she snorkeled underwater off Rothera Station. If Antarctica’s ice sheet melted, the world’s oceans would rise by 60 to 65 meters. Scientists estimate Mount Erebus has erupted many times over the last 1 million years. 15 Interesting Facts About Antarctica On the southernmost tip of the planet sits one of the world's most massive and mysterious landmasses: the frozen realm of Antarctica. Antarctica is surrounded by the Southern Ocean. Also, it is considered that once Antarctica is as warm as modern California. Ever heard of tree rings? This antifreeze raises the freezing point of liquid to keep it from freezing in the cold. Surprisingly, there’s an international dialling code for Antarctica, which is +672. Is Antarctica a desert? Scientists call Antarctic animals’ natural antifreeze glycoproteins. These two settlements developed around permanent research stations on the continent. Both have a permanent population of less than a hundred people. The continent, however, remained largely neglected for the rest of the 19th century because of its hostile environment, lack of easily accessible resources, and isolation. The glare of reflected sunlight makes it even harder to notice these dangers until you’re on top of them – and by then, it’s already too late. Børge Ousland became the first man to cross Antarctica alone from 1996 to 1997. It also helps nourish the continent’s rich marine life with its convection currents. Study shows that the Transantarctic Mountains have rich coal deposits. It was the ancient Greeks who first came up with the idea of Antarctica. Layers of snow added on top of the ice sheet every winter tell a lot about what happened during that year, including volcanic eruptions, weather patterns, and even asteroid impacts. Predictions also showed UV radiation’s effect on harvests. Ten million years later, Gondwana began the enormously slow process of breaking into the pieces we recognize today, and the continents, subcontinent and islands began moving into their present positions. While they’re the most visible, they’re not actually the most common. Here are facts about Antarctica for you: Facts about Antarctica 1: the size of Antarctica 1821 February the 7th. In fact, the waters of the Antarctic continent teem with life. There are no indigenous people in Antarctica. They grow up to 20 cm long, and 10 cm wide. Antarctica is the driest continent of the seven continents. Animals with glycoproteins include the Antarctic eelpout, inland bacteria, and lichens. Advances in radar technology since then have resulted in airborne radio-echo sounding systems that can measure ice-thickness, which has enabled scientific teams to make systematic remote surveys of ice-buried terrains. These deep embayments of the southernmost Pacific and Atlantic oceans make the continent somewhat pear-shaped, dividing it into two unequal-sized parts. Animal life is also plentiful in Antarctica, with Emperor Penguins being the most famous. Antarctica is about 5.5 million square miles (14.2 million square km) in size, and thick ice covers about 98 percent of the land. Antarctica is the southernmost continent on the planet. Antarctica Ecology Facts Antarctica is the highest, driest, coldest, windiest and brightest of the seven continents. The collapse of the Larsen-B Ice Shelf in 2002 alarmed scientists as the beginning of a dangerous trend. It’s called the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, flowing from west to east around the continent. There are plenty of interesting facts about the southernmost continent. Study also shows that while the glacier has existed for around 400,000 years, the lake is older. From the late 18th to the mid-20th century, whalers and sealers plied the rich seas that surround the continent. If the dentist declares there’s a risk of major teeth issues in the time they’re planned to stay in Antarctica, then it must get resolved before departure. Polar bears are exclusive to the Arctic. Scientists feared dogs might spread diseases to native animals or treat them as prey, so they prohibited dogs to protect the continent’s biodiversity. These shelvesâthe Ross Ice Shelf and the Filchner-Ronne Ice Shelfâtogether with other shelves around the continental margins, fringe about 45 percent of Antarctica. Whether it’s snakes, lizards, or any other reptiles, you won’t find any of them in Antarctica. Omissions? The name entered formal use in the 1890s, through the Scottish mapmaker John Bartholomew. Definitely one of the more alarming Antarctica facts. Many of these lakes have connections to each other underground and exchange water between them. Located in West Antarctica, Mount Vinson stands at a height of 4.89 km high. Icebreakers and aircraft now make access relatively easy, although still not without hazard in inclement conditions. We’ve mentioned before how ice melts and freezes in a cycle during Antarctic summers and winters. Its landmass is almost wholly covered by a vast ice sheet. For example, when dinosaurs walked the Earth, East Antarctica was a land of ferns. Even in summer, the temperature never rises above zero, while in winter the sun never rises. Antarctica is the windiest place on the earth where windspeed of more than 350 kilometres per hour/218 miles per hour have been measured. Wisdom teeth removal depends on whether or not the dentist prescribes it. The current also helps keep Antarctica cold, by keeping warm water from coming close. The History of Antarctica. People usually picture penguins when they think about the animals in Antarctica. 1. Get a Britannica Premium subscription and gain access to exclusive content. Often described as a continent of superlatives, Antarctica is the worldâs southernmost continent. As of 2019, scientists say the hole is at its smallest since 1982. They were only supposed to fly over Antarctica for a few hours before returning to Auckland. Antarctica holds most of the world’s fresh water An incredible 60-90% of the world’s fresh water is locked in Antarctica’s vast ice sheet. It is so dry there is extremely low humidity and almost no snow or ice cover. 15 Interesting facts about Antarctica 1. Anywhere else on the planet, wind speeds only reach this high during storms and similar weather phenomena. Since then, diesel-fueled generators have powered McMurdo Station. As a result, Rogozov had to do surgery on himself, with only limited anesthesia. Definitely one of the more mind-boggling Antarctica facts. It might come as a disappointment, but that’s a definite example of Antarctica facts. The term Antarctic, referring to the opposite of the Arctic Circle, was coined by Marinus of Tyre in the 2nd century AD.. As it leaves the overlying glacier, the iron oxidizes with oxygen in the air, giving the water a blood-like color. Mount Erebus stands on Antarctica’s Ross Island at 3.8 km high. It was the name given to the Soviet program that put the first man in space, and to a Russian exploration ship in the early-19th century. However, the coloring comes from an inland brine lake buried under ice. This success made him a celebrity in the Soviet Union, and earned him the Order of the Red Banner for Labor. Antarctica’s frozen landscape preserves meteorites that pass through the atmosphere very well. They can’t raise livestock, but scientists in Antarctica have indoor gardens and greenhouses to grow fresh fruits and vegetables in. 40 research stations operate all year round. From the name itself, Antarctica has a waterfall with what looks like blood gushing out. It’s a small and flightless insect, measuring between 2 to 6 mm long. Tourists go to Antarctica without having to lose any body part at all. 2. This is then studied under a microscope. Between the continent’s position and the satellite’s orbits, and there’s a daily limit to how long they can use the satellites. In addition, krill harvesting and other types of commercial fishing in the Southern Ocean expanded from the 1960s onwards. It's a windy place Antarctica holds the record for being the windiest place, all year-round, at sea level. In contrast, the coastal ice sheets and ice shelves melt more every year. Drill samples point to the lake existing as far back as 25 million years ago. This includes the shores of the sea, or on the slopes and vents of Antarctica’s volcanoes. Antarctica Facts and Information 1) Where is Antarctica on the globe? No military, mining, or economic activity can take place on Antarctica by international law. It comes after Asia, Africa, North America, and South America. Antarctica - Antarctica - History: Many nations were involved in the discovery and early exploration of Antarctica. Wilkins Ice Shelf’s collapse from 2008 to 2009 followed the said trend. Despite all that, life still found a way to survive in such a hard land. Despite these limitations, over 100,000 tons of fish get caught every year in Antarctic waters. The USA once built a small nuclear reactor in Antarctica to power the McMurdo Station in 1962. For its part, vast forests like those in Northern Europe today covered West Antarctica. Average wind speeds reach up to 320 km/h. Captain James Cook crossed the Antarctic Circle three times in the late-18th century. This means the ice forms on top of the land instead of on top of the water, as is the case in much of the west. She gave birth on January 7, 1978, to a healthy boy named Emilio Palma. Antarctica is an icy desert with very little rainfall throughout the year. Nearly 1000 years later, Europeans reached Antarctic waters. This reduces their blood’s ability to carry oxygen by over 90%. Until the 1970s, scientists relied on ground-based geophysical techniques such as seismic surveys of the Antarctic ice sheets to reveal hidden mountain ranges and peaks. Research data and other official communications are priorities for the network. There are 70 research stations in Antarctica. Geologists, geophysicists, glaciologists, biologists, and other scientists have mapped and visited all of the continentâs mountain regions. History. When there’s not enough water for them to live, the nematodes freeze themselves. Antarctica’s reputation as a frozen land at the bottom of the world might make it seem an uninteresting place, but nothing can be further from the truth. For comparison, Antarctica is roughly the size of the United States and Mexico combined or about 1.3 times as large as Europe. Scientists today are still unsure as to the worms’ diet. The History of Antarctica starts off with the European discoverers. Early penetration of this Southern (or Antarctic) Ocean in the search for fur seals led in 1820 to the discovery of the continent. They’re called the Eulagisca gigantea, or the Antarctic Scale Worm. The ice on Antarctica isn’t smooth and uniform no matter what your eyes tell you. Ring in the new year with a Britannica Membership, Technological advancements in exploration, https://www.britannica.com/place/Antarctica, Official Site of Ulsan Metropolitan City, South Korea, Official Site of the Office of the United Nations High Commisioner For Refugees, Official Site of St. Mary's Seminary and University, Baltimore, Maryland, United States, Central Intelligence Agency - The World Factbook - Antarctica, British Antarctic Survey - Discovering Antarctica, Antarctica - Children's Encyclopedia (Ages 8-11), Antarctica - Student Encyclopedia (Ages 11 and up). Do you have any interesting or fun facts about Antarctica that we’ve missed? Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). Although legend had told of a vast southern land referred to as Terra Australis since the 1st century AD, the first sighting of Antarctica is invariably attributed to Imperial Russian Navy captain Fabian Gottlieb von Bellingshausen in 1820, with Captain James Cook having missing the continent by only 75 miles in 1773. Metallica’s Antarctic concert took place at Carlini Station for an hour. Chile has a civilian city in continent, hence with a school, hospital, hostel, post office, Internet , TV and mobile phone coverage. Due to wind direction, most of the CFCs ended up over Antarctica, where the hole opened up. The Gamburtsev Mountains run for about 1,200 km across the continent in East Antarctica. No, it’s not the one that sank the Titanic. Here, water from the Pacific, Atlantic, and Indian Oceans merge into one, surrounding the Antarctic continent. Scientists now know that the rift runs for over 3000 km, and spans around 700 km wide. 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