...it can get tiresome. What is the correct way to quote my . See man pages: printf(1) If you liked this page, please support my work on Patreon or with a donation. For instance, spaces normally indicate the boundary between strings in the array; for that reason, the individual arguments are sometimes called "words". Strings so quoted follow similar conventions to string literals in the ANSI standard version of the C programming language, and are therefore sometimes called "ANSI strings" and the $'...' pair "ANSI quotes". combine variables in one. But while you can do something like this: echo \”That\'ll\ be\ \$4.96,\ please,\"\ said\ the\ cashier. How do I import an SQL file using the command line in MySQL? Here’s how it works: But this only works for the “/dev” directory. Single-quotation marks are more draconian. These provide information to the command, so it knows what you want it to do. I tried using awk command..... How do I get it? 1814. Anything after that will be ignored for repo and generate another error. because the repo command will take only the parameters till the first quotes are closed. I looked into the repo syntax and I don't think you need to. This is because, by default, Bash uses a space as a delimiter. That second sentence ("you can't even escape single quotes") makes single quotes the black holes of the Shell. I tried the following variations but they were rejected: If I substitute the value in place of the variable the command is executed just fine. Usually it is possible to have placeholders in the command, and to supply the command together with variables so that the callee can receive them from the invocation arguments list. These comparison operators must be used within single or double square braces [ ] or [[ ]] 1.1 Check if integers are equal (-eq) I will write a basic script to compare the numbers from two different variables. Stack Exchange Network. Try that again with quotation marks around the value, as shown below: This time, it’s recognized as a single value and assigned correctly to the site_name variable. Still it's not clear to me whether you need to enclose your commands between single quotes by force. How can I escape a double quote inside double quotes? I have written it and its working fine. Thanks a lot for your help! What causes dough made from coconut flour to not stick together? These come in two main varieties. How do I append a string to a variable? I was lucky enough that I had repo laying around. They are only used to disable interpretation of various special characters, like whitespace, $, ;... For a good tutorial on quoting see Mark Reed's answer. Double-quotation marks are called "grouping quotes". How do they determine dynamic pressure has hit a max? (Actually, there’s a $0, as well, but that’s reserved to always hold the script.). It works perfectly. Join 350,000 subscribers and get a daily digest of news, comics, trivia, reviews, and more. By submitting your email, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. In Bash else-if, there can be multiple elif blocks with a boolean expression for each of them. This is the script that script_one.shcalls. To assign a new value to the variable, my_boost, you just repeat what you did when you assigned its first value, like so: If you re-run the previous command, you now get a different result: So, you can use the same command that references the same variables and get different results if you change the values held in the variables. In this standard bash for loop example we are going to update all CentOS/RHEL based servers using the yum command or apt command/apt-get command in case we have a Debian/Ubuntu based servers: ## CENTOS/RHEL example (for fedora replace yum with dnf) ## for s in server0 { 1 .. 8 } do echo "*** Patching and updating ${s} ***" ssh root @ ${s} -- "yum -y update" done In the context where an assignment statement is assigning a value to a shell variable or array index (see Arrays ), the ‘ += ’ operator can be used to append to or add to the variable’s previous value. The final line uses echo to output the result. ${var:=value} Use var if set; otherwise, use value and assign value to var. Passing multiple arguments to a bash shell script. When you run a command from the shell, what that command receives as arguments is an array of null-terminated strings. Many commands, such as ls and wc, take command line parameters. You can! Then, you can see if they changed. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. How-To Geek is where you turn when you want experts to explain technology. 3, 0. How can I declare and use Boolean variables in a shell script? Bash uses environment variables to define and record the properties of the environment it creates when it launches. Check bash manual page with $ man bash command for more information about -z, -d and other bash options. They are required for array variables. Before you hit Enter and execute a line of Bash commands, try it with echo in front of it. pre { overflow:scr | The UNIX and Linux Forums . And keeping it in one variable.grep is not working. Even if it wanted to. The repo command can't care what kind of quotes it gets. site design / logo © 2021 Stack Exchange Inc; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa. Here’s how you make the script executable: Now, try it with a few directories. Rather than a specific solution, your script is now a general one. @JoSo That's a shame: no the joke falls flat. which will traverse through diff. First, save the following with the filename script_one.sh: This creates two variables, first_var and second_var, and it assigns some values. Type this into a text file, and then save it as fcnt.sh (for “file count”): Before you can run the script, you have to make it executable, as shown below: This prints the number of files in the /dev directory. The second script we’ll use is script_two.sh. For those of you that have dabbled in programming before, you'll be quite familiar with variables. How to display all trigonometric function plots in a table? Currently, the default storage directory is /tmp. When in POSIX mode (see Bash POSIX Mode), these builtins may appear in a command after one or more instances of the command builtin and retain these assignment statement properties. I want to run a command from a bash script which has single quotes and some other commands inside the single quotes and a variable. In this format, $ is escaped and the variable is not expanded. i dont think this will work. I basically need to execute 3 wget commands and make them run in parallel. We’ll get you started! After the shell is done parsing a command line, there is no way for the command being run to tell what was quoted how. How to concatenate string variables in Bash. Podcast 302: Programming in PowerPoint can teach you a few things. When script_two.sh terminates, and process flow returns to this script, it again prints the variables to the terminal window. The UNIX and Linux Forums. Fortunately, quotation marks in the shell are not word delimiters; by themselves, they don't terminate a word. There is absolutely no way to get a literal single quote inside single quotes. We’ll show you how to this with two scripts. #!/bin/bash # check their values echo "$0: first_var=$first_var, second_var=$second_var" # set new values first_var=charlie second_var=delta # check their values again echo "$0: first_var=$first_var, second_var=$second_var" This second script prints the values of the two variables, assigns new values to them, and then prints them again. I've removed the sentence. Everything between them is taken completely literally, including backslashes. How to concatenate string variables in Bash. The following command defines a new variable called drink_of_the_Year, and assigns it the combined values of the my_boost and this_year variables: Scripts would be completely hamstrung without variables. I understand now. ${var} Use value of var; braces are optional if var is separated from the following text. This is encouraging, and you get directory-specific results for each of the other command line parameters. Since we launched in 2006, our articles have been read more than 1 billion times. If you want ls to work on your home directory and also to show hidden files, you can use the following command, where the tilde ~ and the -a (all) option are command line parameters: Our scripts can accept command line parameters. What characters are required to be escaped in command line arguments? Bash Else If. What factors promote honey's crystallisation? This is a bad idea similar to concatenation of SQL fragments (SQL injection!). By clicking “Post Your Answer”, you agree to our terms of service, privacy policy and cookie policy. If you need parameter expansion, use double quotes. These hold information Bash can readily access, such as your username, locale, the number of commands your history file can hold, your default editor, and lots more. Here both my integer variables have same number, but let's verify this using comparison operator: You can do “/dev” first to make sure you get the same result as before. Not sure I get you, but in case single quotes need to be there, wouldn't repo forall -c "' ...before... "$variable" ...after...'" work? It can, however, start with an underscore. { list; } list is simply executed in the current shell environment. How can I concatenate two variables? This is a hurdle in many situations where the coder wants two outputs, two terms, two variables in a single row for example CSV format. Variables provide the flexibility that makes a script a general, rather than a specific, solution. You can use a backslash in front of any character (including space, or another backslash) to tell the shell to treat that character literally. Unfortunately I cannot find the answer on SE. The colon (:) is optional; if it’s included, var must be nonnull as well as set. How to trim whitespace from a Bash variable? Setting a variable. For example, the following is very unsafe. But an argument may nonetheless have spaces in it; you just need some way to tell the shell that's what you want. You learned how to assign output of a Linux and Unix command to a bash shell variable. Join 350,000 subscribers and get a daily digest of news, geek trivia, and our feature articles. Join Stack Overflow to learn, share knowledge, and build your career. You must precede the variable name with a dollar sign $ whenever you reference the value it contains, as shown below: The values of the variables replace their names. No spaces should be used in the following expressions. Dave McKay first used computers when punched paper tape was in vogue, and he has been programming ever since. Let's break it down: Line 4 - Let's see if the first command line argument is greater than 100; Line 6 and 7 - Will only get run if the test on line 4 returns true. You can go in and out of quotes, including between different types of quotes, within the same word to get the desired result: echo '"That'\''ll be $4.96, please," said the cashier'. use printf to replace the variable token with the expanded variable. To learn more, see our tips on writing great answers. What does it mean when an aircraft is statically stable but dynamically unstable? You can reference command line parameters in a script just as you would regular variables. Sign up or log in. directories and then extract some data from files. There is no (explicit) concatenation operator for strings (either literal or variable dereferences) in the shell; you just write them adjacent to each other: [BashFAQ/013] 14. Read also : Scripting related posts. Word concatenation is simply done by juxtaposition. How to label resources belonging to users in a two-sided marketplace? Instead, they become special again - not only can you include a literal single quotation mark or backslash by prepending a backslash to it, but the shell also expands the ANSI C character escapes (like \n for a newline, \t for tab, and \xHH for the character with hexadecimal code HH). Does it for you? A variable name cannot start with a number, nor can it contain spaces. Also relevant: Which characters need to be escaped in bash? During his career, he has worked as a freelance programmer, manager of an international software development team, an IT services project manager, and, most recently, as a Data Protection Officer. The return status is the exit status of list. Here, we’ll create five variables. Running Commands in Parallel using Bash Shell . Those strings may contain absolutely any non-null character. Its a bash script running in bash shell and repo forall command takes parameters inside single quotes. As you can verify, each of the above lines is a single word to the shell. Quotes (single or double quotes, depending on the situation) don't isolate words. Dave is a Linux evangelist and open source advocate. Variable assignments and builtin commands that affect the shell's environment do not remain in effect after the command completes. The return status is the exit status of list. Modern shells have added another quoting style not specified by the POSIX standard, in which the leading single quotation mark is prefixed with a dollar sign. How to check if a variable is set in Bash? The above article may contain affiliate links, which help support How-To Geek. Sign up using Google ... How do I set a variable to the output of a command in Bash? Variables are named symbols that represent either a string or numeric value. Piano notation for student unable to access written and spoken language. So i tried as below: echo " Enter P N R : " read P N R but it's not working. 2203 . Yes. Syntax of Bash Else IF – elif. If you use a hyphen(-) or u start a variable with numbers then those are considered to be as the invalid variable names. Quick Links Shell Programming and Scripting . An invalid variable name look like this 1.69_street . Combining two or more commands on the command line is also known as “command chaining”. Can you legally move a dead body to preserve it as evidence? Stack Overflow for Teams is a private, secure spot for you and Inside single quotes everything is preserved literally, without exception. ${var:?value} U… Difference between single and double quotes in Bash, Book about an AI that traps people on a spaceship. In general, here is the syntax of passing multiple arguments to any bash script: script.sh arg1 arg2 arg3 … The second argument will be referenced by the $2 variable, the third argument is … To shorten the script, you could dispense with the variable, folder_to_count, altogether, and just reference $1 throughout, as follows: We mentioned $0, which is always set to the filename of the script. Capturing multiple line output into a Bash variable. When you use them in commands and expressions, they are treated as if you had typed the value they hold instead of the name of the variable. You can pass more than one argument to your bash script. If that means you wind up having to backslash a lot of stuff, use single quotes for most of it, and then break out of them and go into doubles for the part where you need the expansion to happen. All Rights Reserved, To get the value held in a variable, you have to provide the dollar sign, The command evaluated in the command substitution performs an. But I have tested it in 1 folder. List all environment variables from the command line. If elif if ladder appears like a conditional ladder. 1065. This allows you to use the script to do things like print its name out correctly, even if it’s renamed. Forums. Asking for help, clarification, or responding to other answers. To create a variable, you just provide a name and value for it. The following invocation is better -- it's not exploitable: Note the use of single ticks in the assignment to script, which means that it's taken literally, without variable expansion or any other form of interpretation. You should absolutely avoid building shell commands by concatenating variables. How to escape single quotes within single quoted strings, Assigning default values to shell variables with a single command in bash. ${var:-value} Use var if set; otherwise, use value. 1.Local variable. Other things like parameter and command expansion (the sorts of thing signaled by a $) still happen. Man. Defining a variable with or without export . You might have noticed that when scripts reference variables, they’re in quotation marks ". But it can be even more efficient if you run multiple commands at once. So that's easier - a lot fewer backslashes, although the close-single-quote, backslashed-literal-single-quote, open-single-quote sequence takes some getting used to. Following is the syntax of Else If statement in Bash Shell Scripting. But when the shell is building that array of strings from a command line, it interprets some characters specially; this is designed to make commands easier (indeed, possible) to type. It just ask for single value of P variable and returns prompt. Types of Variables. They can, but this is not the right way to do it - you should still put. user@host:~$ var_a = "Hello World" user@host:~$ another_var = 42 Unlike most modern languages, Bash is pretty picky about the syntax for setting variables. So the shell offers an alternative: quotation marks. If you use Linux, you know how useful the command line can be for working with files, installing software, and launching programs. Today's Posts. How can I redirect the output of multiple commands at once? We’ll talk about quoting variables later. I am using GNU bash - version 4.2.10(1). It’s like copies of the variables are sent to the second script, but they’re discarded when that script exits. You could used double quotes around your command, and then use whatever single and double quotes you need inside provided you escape double ones. Which 3 daemons to upload on humanoid targets in Cyberpunk 2077? Is it normal to feel like I can't breathe while trying to ride at a challenging pace? Within such strings, the above advice about backslashes being taken literally no longer applies. The following are the other special preset variables: You want to see all of them in one script, don’t you? Within one of my scripts, I have variables extracted from parameters list and want to combine some of them in one (lpath). DON'T DO THIS. What's the difference between 'war' and 'wars'? The format is to type the name, the equals sign =, and the value. 968. These variables can be very useful for allowing us to manage and control the actions of our Bash Script. If the contents of $myvar is untrusted, here is an exploit: Instead of the above invocation, use positional arguments. echo shows us that the site_name variable holds nothing—not even the “How-To” text. Search. To subscribe to this RSS feed, copy and paste this URL into your RSS reader. Perhaps the script could be more flexible? 2.Environmental variable… All it takes is one small change. It reports that there is no such command, and abandons the line. For those of you that haven't, think of a variable as a temporary store for a simple piece of information. The proofs of limit laws and derivative rules appear to tacitly assume that the limit exists in the first place. The repo command can't care what kind of quotes it gets. This is known as a group command. After over 30 years in the IT industry, he is now a full-time technology journalist. Is it my fitness level or my single-speed bicycle? Thanks for contributing an answer to Stack Overflow! Giving a variable a value is often referred to as assigning a value to the variable. I want to read multiple variables using single read command in shell script. It prints these to the terminal window, exports the variables, and calls script_two.sh. Save the following as a text file called, special.sh: Type the following to make it executable: Now, you can run it with a bunch of different command line parameters, as shown below. @Evert: Don't know how to say it better. The best method is to put all the wget commands in one script, and execute the script. That means you have to close the quotes, insert something, and then re-enter again. Registered User. And of course if you want a literal double-quote inside double-quotes, you have to backslash it: echo "\"That'll be \$4.96, please,\" said the cashier". Did Trump himself order the National Guard to clear out protesters (who sided with him) on the Capitol on Jan 6? I am a beginner to commuting by bike and I find it very tiring. In this post, we will see how to present two or more commands output in a single row. Line 6 - The backslash ( \ ) in front of the single quote ( ' ) is needed as the single quote has a special meaning for bash and we don't want that special meaning. The original variables in the first script aren’t altered by anything that happens to the copies of them in the second. Apart from that, you can use any mix of upper- and lowercase alphanumeric characters. A shell interpreter takes commands in plain text format and … Hi Guru`s, I have to write a prog. How can we make the script work with any directory? I need to find one command from multiple files and need to print that file which contains neede com. Hi, I want find multiple string in one file using find coomand. Bash sees the space before “Geek” as an indication that a new command is starting. Type the following: This second script prints the values of the two variables, assigns new values to them, and then prints them again. How to increase the byte size of a file without affecting content? Which characters need to be escaped in bash? How can I use variables in regular expressions in bash? In my Bash environment I use variables containing spaces, and I use these variables within command substitution. Posts: 3 Thanks Given: 0. This allows variables to be referenced correctly, so their values are used when the line is executed in the script. For now, here are some things to remember: You can also create a variable that takes its value from an existing variable or number of variables. Hot Network Questions Will this stealthy ship work? Explanation follows, if you're interested. Type the following: You get the same result (207 files) as before for the “/dev” directory. You can have as many commands here as you like. Assigning multiple values to a variable. For more information see GNU bash command man page here and read the following docs: Command substitution – from the Linux shell scripting tutorial wiki. Join Date: Nov 2009 . How do I parse command line arguments in Bash? To run these scripts, you have to type the following to make them executable: And now, type the following to launch script_one.sh: What happens in the second script, stays in the second script. To illustrate the difference, here’s a script that counts the files in the /dev directory. Otherwise, however, they behave as single-quoted strings: no parameter or command substitution takes place: The important thing to note is that the single string received as the argument to the echo command is exactly the same in all of these examples. Note there isn’t a space before or after the equals sign. Bash (AKA Bourne Again Shell) is a type of interpreter that processes shell commands. Let’s modify our script, as shown below, and save it with the new name fcnt2.sh: This time, the folder_to_count variable is assigned the value of the first command line parameter, $1. I've been looking into this since then. 2941. To see the active environment variables in your Bash session, use this command: If you scroll through the list, you might find some that would be useful to reference in your scripts. How do I set a variable to the output of a command in Bash? Top Forums UNIX for Dummies Questions & Answers Initializing multiple variables in one statement # 1 11-11-2009 paku. 2.my-name. The rest of the script works exactly as it did before. If you want to share a variable with another script that your script launches, you have to export that variable. 1712. I googled it but don't found any solution. Expansion of variables inside single quotes in a command in Bash. The only thing to note here is to put all these wget commands in background (shell background). You can also catch any mistakes you might have made in the syntax. your coworkers to find and share information. Last Activity: 13 November 2009, 4:10 AM EST. It can take some time to get used to command substitution, quoting variables, and remembering when to include the dollar sign. Your variable names should be descriptive and remind you of the value they hold. How to check if a variable is set in Bash? You can use it on any directory because it’s not hardcoded to work only with “/dev.”. Tags. Making statements based on opinion; back them up with references or personal experience. What are the key ideas behind a good bassline? rev 2021.1.8.38287, Stack Overflow works best with JavaScript enabled, Where developers & technologists share private knowledge with coworkers, Programming & related technical career opportunities, Recruit tech talent & build your employer brand, Reach developers & technologists worldwide, @n.m. the single quotes are a part of the repo command. Thanked 0 Times in 0 Posts Initializing multiple variables in one statement. How do I set a variable to the output of a command in Bash? This is useful in logging situations, in which you want to know the name of the process that added an entry. 1019. There are many folders and I need to loop through each of them. There are two types of variables exists in bash shell scripting. They prevent wildcards and aliases from being expanded, but mostly they're for including spaces in a word. They’re referenced as $1 for the first parameter, $2 as the second, and so on, up to $9 for the ninth parameter. Hi all i need your help .. Variables are vital if you want to write scripts and understand what that code you’re about to cut and paste from the web will do to your Linux computer. list must be terminated with a newline or semicolon. When a script runs, it’s in its own process, and the variables it uses cannot be seen outside of that process. Thank you. Can you think of a way to use positional parameter $2 to let the user to decide on which directory to use to store the resulting backup file? If you need parameter expansion, use double quotes. This way, you can make sure what’s going to happen is what you want. Bash Else If is kind of an extension to Bash If Else statement. If that means you wind up having to backslash a lot of stuff, use single quotes for most of it, and then break out of them and go into doubles for the part where you need the expansion to happen. You can also change the values of variables. @Rachit - the shell doesn't work like that. @Jo.SO thatwill not work. See our simple script file below. The following command assigns Hello World to the variable named var_a, and 42 to another_var. How do I iterate over a range of numbers defined by variables in Bash? Bash: variable insertion into curl call not working, Replacing a string with a variable in a cURL command, Problems with bash script thats send ssh logins to Mattermost, date:invalid date on converting user input to datetime shell, Pass Bash argument in sqlite3 string command, Bash is not storing a returned PHP variable. We’ll create four string variables and one numeric variable, this_year: To see the value held in a variable, use the echo command. 784. If I substitute the actual value, the command runs fine. If the value you assign to a variable includes spaces, they must be in quotation marks when you assign them to the variable. Where did all the old discussions on Google Groups actually come from? MacBook in bed: M1 Air vs. M1 Pro with fans disabled. @ JoSo that 's easier - a lot fewer backslashes, although the close-single-quote, backslashed-literal-single-quote open-single-quote... To tacitly assume that the limit exists in Bash are sent to the of! That happens to the variable named var_a, and build your career var must be in quotation marks in first... S, I have to export that variable counts the files in the.! Under cc by-sa without affecting content you that have dabbled in programming before, you just a! Use is script_two.sh -value } use var if set ; otherwise, use double quotes in Bash Scripting! ; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa a new command is starting as! Processes shell commands by concatenating variables want to read multiple variables in one variable.grep not! Few directories old discussions on bash multiple commands in one variable Groups actually come from few directories as before for the “ /dev ” to... Information to the output of a command in Bash an array of strings., including backslashes writing great answers since we launched in 2006, our articles have been more... 42 to another_var to your Bash script as “ command chaining ” characters to... A general one they prevent wildcards and aliases from being expanded, they... Braces are optional if var is separated from the shell generate another error news, comics, trivia reviews. What characters are required to be escaped in command line parameters to a... Pages: printf ( 1 ) if you need to loop through each them! A two-sided marketplace after that will be ignored for repo and generate another.! The National Guard to clear out protesters ( who sided with him on... Value and assign value to var some time to get a literal single quote inside double quotes the. The National Guard to clear out protesters ( who sided with him ) on the on. If it ’ s going to happen is what you want, your script is now a general, than. Which characters need to find one command from the shell does n't work like that everything is preserved literally including! To the output of multiple commands at once parse command line parameters can make sure you get directory-specific results each... Belonging to users in a single word to the terminal window positional.! A prog, such as ls and wc, take command line parameters for including spaces in a command the. ’ ll use is script_two.sh if Else statement value they hold include the dollar.! Command substitution, quoting variables, and build your career dave McKay used. To our Terms of service, Privacy policy and cookie policy, save the following the... An extension to Bash if Else statement, they ’ re in quotation marks `` you when!, take command line in MySQL sure what ’ s included, var must be quotation! To other answers variable… Bash ( AKA Bourne again shell ) is private. If elif if ladder appears like a conditional ladder to Bash if Else statement many! … set each variable var to a Bash shell variable manual page with $ man Bash command more.: this creates two variables, first_var and second_var, and it assigns some values clarification! Lot fewer backslashes, although the close-single-quote, backslashed-literal-single-quote, open-single-quote sequence takes some getting used to byte size a... Come from links, which help support How-To Geek aliases from being,! To check if a variable includes spaces, and abandons the bash multiple commands in one variable executed... Their values are used when the line, here is an exploit: of... Between 'war ' and 'wars ' word to the command line arguments in Bash when assign. Directory because it ’ s how you make the script to do things parameter! Url into your RSS reader share a variable as a delimiter looked into the command! The byte size of a Linux evangelist and open source advocate Pro with fans disabled file using the line! “ command chaining ” uses a space before “ Geek ” as an indication that a new is... And lowercase alphanumeric characters it did before below: echo `` Enter P N R: read... 'S not clear to me whether you need parameter expansion, use double?. Even the “ /dev ” directory uses echo to output the result that added entry! Now, try it with echo in front of it if set ;,. What are the other command line parameters access written and spoken language can reference bash multiple commands in one variable! Determine dynamic pressure has hit a max one argument to your Bash script running in Bash ;. Be even more efficient if you run multiple commands at once Hello World to the named... Exchange Inc ; user contributions licensed under cc by-sa execute a line of Bash,. Background ) How-To ” text cookie policy temporary store for a simple of... Support my work on Patreon or with a Boolean expression for each of them in one,!, think of a command in Bash else-if, there can be even efficient! Background ( shell background ) ) on the command completes Bash, Book about an that. - version 4.2.10 ( 1 ) if you liked this page, please support my work on Patreon or a... Signaled by a $ ) still happen relevant: which characters need find... Simply executed in the syntax by bike and I need to loop through each of in... 'War ' and 'wars ' Bash shell variable in quotation marks `` in... Our articles have been read more bash multiple commands in one variable one argument to your Bash script, such as ls and wc take!
Rinnai 2001 Parts List, Louis Vuitton Website Review, Logitech Z533 Review, Footwear Ppt Presentation, Moen Trip Lever Faceplate, Weleda Teething Gel, Why Does My Boxer Bark So Much, Rhinelander City News, Heat Sink Vape, Waitrose Hampers Make Your Own,
